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Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.
In chemistry, the mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound. It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi bonds or between a pi bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. [ 1 ]
In chemistry, delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule, ion or solid metal that are not associated with a single atom or a covalent bond. [1] The term delocalization is general and can have slightly different meanings in different fields: In organic chemistry, it refers to resonance in conjugated systems and aromatic compounds.
Clar's rule is widely applied in the fields of chemistry and materials science. For instance, Clar's rule can be used to predict several properties of graphene nanoribbons . [ 10 ] Aromatic π-sextets play an important part in the determination of the ground state of open shell biradical -type structures., [ 4 ] Clar's rule can rationalize the ...
Avoiding resonance disasters is a major concern in every building, tower, and bridge construction project. As a countermeasure, shock mounts can be installed to absorb resonant frequencies and thus dissipate the absorbed energy. The Taipei 101 building relies on a 660-tonne pendulum (730-short-ton)—a tuned mass damper—to cancel resonance ...
Jablonski diagram of FRET with typical timescales indicated. The black dashed line indicates a virtual photon.. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer, resonance energy transfer (RET) or electronic energy transfer (EET) is a mechanism describing energy transfer between two light-sensitive molecules (chromophores). [1]
Resonance fluorescence is the process in which a two-level atom system interacts with the quantum electromagnetic field if the field is driven at a frequency near to the natural frequency of the atom.
The term “resonance” relates to the use of this term in nuclear physics, where peaks in the dependence of a reaction cross section upon energy are called “resonances”. Similarly, a sharp increase (or decrease) in the reaction kinetics as a function of the average isotopic mass of a certain element is called here a resonance.