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  2. Gondwana - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondwana

    Gondwana (/ ɡ ɒ n d ˈ w ɑː n ə /) [1] was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent.The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Zealandia, Arabia, and the Indian subcontinent.

  3. Seychelles microcontinent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_microcontinent

    The Gondwana supercontinent began to break up in the Middle Jurassic, about 167 million years ago. At that time, East Gondwana, comprising Antarctica, Madagascar, India, and Australia, began to separate from Africa. East Gondwana then began to separate about 115–120 million years ago when India began to move northward. [5]

  4. Karoo-Ferrar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoo-Ferrar

    Karoo-Ferrar formed just prior to the breakup of Gondwana in the Lower Jurassic epoch, about 183 million years ago; [4] this timing corresponds to the early Toarcian anoxic event and the Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction. [5] It covered about 3 x 10 6 km 2. [6]

  5. East Gondwana - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Gondwana

    The South Polar region of the Cretaceous comprised the continent of East Gondwana–modern day Australia, Zealandia, and Antarctica–a product of the break-up of Gondwana in the Cretaceous Period. The southern region, during this time, was much warmer than it is today, ranging from perhaps 4–8 °C (39–46 °F) in the latest Cretaceous ...

  6. Tectonic evolution of Patagonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_evolution_of...

    During the early breakup of Gondwana and associated continental rifting, the Patagonian landmass underwent large-scale rotations. Paleomagnetic data from late Jurassic-early Cretaceous rocks in the southern portion of the North Patagonian Massif indicate that clockwise rotation of up to 30 degrees occurred in that area during the Early ...

  7. Vaalbara - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaalbara

    During the Jurassic break-up of Gondwana, these shear zones finally separated Grunehogna and the rest of Antarctica from Africa. [8] In the Annandags Peaks in Antarctica, the only exposed parts of Grunehogna, detrital zircons from several crustal sources have been dated to 3.9–3.0 Ga suggesting intracrustal recycling was an important part in ...

  8. big.assets.huffingtonpost.com

    big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/athena/files/2025/...

    big.assets.huffingtonpost.com

  9. Madagascar plate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_Plate

    The initiation of Gondwana breakup, and transform faulting along the Davie Fracture Zone, occurred in the Toarcian (about 182 million years ago) following the eruption of the Bouvet (Karoo) mantle plume. At this time East Gondwana, comprising the Antarctic, Madagascar, Indian, and Australian plates, began to separate from the African plate.