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The hydroxyl radical, • HO, is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (HO –). Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and consequently short-lived; however, they form an important part of radical chemistry .
Benzoyl peroxide ((PhC)OO) 2) generates benzoyloxyl radicals (PhCOO•), each of which loses carbon dioxide to be converted into a phenyl radical (Ph•). Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide is also common, and acetone peroxide is on rare occasions used as a radical initiator, too. Inorganic peroxides function analogously to organic peroxides.
Radical elimination can be viewed as the reverse of radical addition. In radical elimination, an unstable radical compound breaks down into a spin-paired molecule and a new radical compound. Shown below is an example of a radical elimination reaction, where a benzoyloxy radical breaks down into a phenyl radical and a carbon dioxide molecule. [7]
Hydroxyl radical (HO·) is generated by Fenton reaction of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous compounds and related reducing agents: Fe(II) + H 2 O 2 → Fe(III)OH + HO· In its fleeting existence, the hydroxyl radical reacts rapidly irreversibly with all organic compounds. superoxide (O − 2) is produced by reduction of O 2. [4]
Following its generation, the initiating radical adds (nonradical) monomer units, thereby growing the polymer chain. Radical polymerization is a key synthesis route for obtaining a wide variety of different polymers and materials composites. The relatively non-specific nature of radical chemical interactions makes this one of the most versatile ...
It is gaining prominence as a model oxidant in small molecule and protein therapeutics for its ability to initiate oxidation reactions via both nucleophilic and free radical mechanisms. [ 2 ] 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride has been used in experiments on linoleic acid subjected to induced oxidation with different combinations ...
Here, the new radical is generated on the polymer chain, which can further undergo a similar type of reaction to generate more styrene molecules. This process is known as the radical mediated depolymerization of polystyrene. Radical elimination reactions are found in enzyme-catalyzed pathways.
Chain propagation: A radical reacts with a non-radical to produce a new radical species; Chain termination: Two radicals react with each other to create a non-radical species; In a free-radical addition, there are two chain propagation steps. In one, the adding radical attaches to a multiply-bonded precursor to give a radical with lesser bond ...