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One of the biggest drivers of heavy rain in East Africa is the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). During a positive phase the waters in the western Indian Ocean are much warmer than normal and this can bring heavier rain regardless of El Niño.
On 16 October 2023, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) began monitoring for the formation of a cyclonic circulation in the Arabian Sea. [10] In the Arabian Sea, relatively high ocean temperatures, indicating a positive Indian Ocean Dipole, created favourable conditions for tropical cyclogenesis. [11]
The IOD involves an aperiodic oscillation of sea-surface temperatures (SST), between "positive", "neutral" and "negative" phases. A positive phase sees greater-than-average sea-surface temperatures and greater precipitation in the western Indian Ocean region, [dubious – discuss] with a corresponding cooling of waters in the eastern Indian Ocean—which tends to cause droughts in adjacent ...
The 2023 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an above-average and deadly season, becoming the most active since 2019, with nine depressions and six cyclonic storms forming. It was the deadliest since 2017 , mostly due to Cyclone Mocha , and had the second-highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) in the basin, after 2019. [ 1 ]
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Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole related anomalies over the Southeastern Indian Ocean is also suggested to impact the position of Mascarene high and thus the Indian summer monsoon. Positive (negative) Subtropical Indian Ocean dipole events during boreal winter are always followed by weak (strong) Indian Summer Monsoons.
Two days later, the Western Pacific became more active as typhoons Toraji, Man-yi and Usagi formed, followed by Cyclone Bheki in the South-West Indian Ocean and Tropical Storm Sara in the Atlantic a few days later, in the Australian region, Cyclone Robyn forms, making it the first storm of the season, followed by Cyclone Fengal in the North ...
Weakening sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific in early 2023 associated with the end of the La Niña event. The 2020–2023 La Niña event was unusual in that it featured three consecutive years of La Niña conditions (also called a "triple-dip" La Niña) in contrast to the typical 9–12 month cycles of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), [3] though the magnitude ...