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Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a mental disorder characterized by paranoia, and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others. People with this personality disorder may be hypersensitive, easily insulted, and habitually relate to the world by vigilant scanning of the environment for clues or suggestions that may validate their fears or biases.
The cause of delusional disorder is unknown, [8] but genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors may play a significant role in its development. [ better source needed ] Some people with delusional disorders may have an imbalance in neurotransmitters , the chemicals that send and receive messages to the brain. [ 18 ]
This condition is often seen in disorders like schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, manic episodes of bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, and some personality disorders. [2] [3] Alongside delusional jealousy, persecutory delusion is the most common type of delusion in males and is a frequent symptom of psychosis.
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Paranoid personality disorder: Inconclusive In clinical samples men have higher rates, whereas epidemiologically there is a reported higher rate of women [95] although due the controversy of paranoid personality disorder the usefulness of these results is disputed [87] [96] Schizoid personality disorder: Male About 10% more common in males [97]
[22] [23] Paranoia perceptions and behavior may be part of many mental illnesses, such as depression and dementia, but they are more prevalent in three mental disorders: paranoid schizophrenia, delusional disorder (persecutory type), and paranoid personality disorder.
To a lesser extent, their presence can be a hallmark of paranoid personality disorder, as well as body dysmorphic disorder. They can be found in autism during periods of intense stress. [6] They can also be caused by intoxication, such as from stimulants like methamphetamine.
Malignant narcissism is not a diagnostic category defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . Rather, it is a subcategory of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) [2] which could also include traits of antisocial personality disorder or paranoid personality disorder.