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Pelargonic acid morpholide (MPK) is widely used as a self-defense chemical agent spray in Russia, though its effectiveness compared to natural pepper spray is unclear. [ citation needed ] In China , Ministry of Public Security police units and security guards use tear gas ejectors with OC, CS or CN gases.
It is referred to as an uncoupling agent because it disrupts ATP synthesis by transporting hydrogen ions through the mitochondrial membrane before they can be used to provide the energy for oxidative phosphorylation. [2] It is a nitrile and hydrazone. FCCP was first described in 1962 by Heytler. [3]
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an organic compound with the formula OC(OCH 3) 2. It is a colourless, flammable liquid. It is classified as a carbonate ester. This compound has found use as a methylating agent and as a co-solvent in lithium-ion batteries. [1] Notably, dimethyl carbonate is a weak methylating agent, and is not considered as a ...
Pyridinium chlorochromate in a vial. Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) is a yellow-orange salt with the formula [C 5 H 5 NH] + [CrO 3 Cl] −.It is a reagent in organic synthesis used primarily for oxidation of alcohols to form carbonyls.
A chemical weapon agent (CWA), or chemical warfare agent, is a chemical substance whose toxic properties are meant to kill, injure or incapacitate human beings.About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled as chemical weapon agents during the 20th century, although the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has an online database listing 35,942 chemicals which ...
Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. [1] A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become successful at ...
CH 3 OC 6 H 5 + (CH 3 CO) 2 O → CH 3 OC 6 H 4 C(O)CH 3 + CH 3 CO 2 H. Unlike most acetophenones, but reflecting the influence of the methoxy group, methoxyacetophenone undergoes a second acetylation. Many related reactions have been demonstrated. For example, phosphorus pentasulfide (P 4 S 10) converts anisole to Lawesson's reagent, [(CH 3 OC ...
Since many bio-agents reproduce rapidly and require minimal resources for propagation, they are also a potential danger in a wide variety of occupational settings. [ 2 ] The 1972 Biological Weapons Convention is an international treaty banning the development, use or stockpiling of biological weapons; as of March 2021, there were 183 states ...