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Maladera formosae, commonly known as the Asiatic garden beetle and formerly known as Maladera castanea, is a species of beetle in the family Scarabaeidae.It is native to Japan, China, South Korea, North Korea, and Russia but was introduced to North America in the 1920s where it is considered a pest of turfs, gardens, and crop fields.
Costelytra giveni was first described by B.B. Given in 1952, though he mischaracterized specimens as C. zealandica [1] [2].In 2016, Coca-Abia and Romero-Samper found differences in syntype specimens between White's (1846) C. zealandica and Given's (1952) description, and revised the species name of the latter to C. giveni after Given.
Many species are fossorial, with legs adapted for digging. In some groups males (and sometimes females) have prominent horns on the head and/or pronotum to fight over mates or resources. [4] The largest fossil scarabaeid was Oryctoantiquus borealis with a length of 50 millimetres (2.0 in). [5] A scarab beetle grub from Australia.
“The grubs feed on mostly organic matter in the soil,” said Hudson. “The adult females lay their eggs in the soil with a lot of organic content. That’s primarily what the grubs will feed on.
The larvae, known as "chafer grubs" or "white grubs", hatch four to six weeks after being laid as eggs. They feed on plant roots, for instance potato roots. The grubs develop in the earth for three to four years, in colder climates even five years, and grow continually to a size of about 4–5 cm, before they pupate in early autumn and develop ...
The grubs hatch by late July. The grub population consists mainly of first instars in early- to mid-August, second instars by early September, and third instars by mid-September to early October. In frost zones, the grubs feed until November, then move deeper into the soil. In frost-free areas, the larva will feed all winter.
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Grubs also can be removed from the cultivation land by cultural practises such as ploughing, harrowing, hoeing, flooding and fallowing of fields, trap cropping and crop rotation. Other than that, resistant crops such as sunflower and trap crops such as sorghum, maize, onion can be grown along with the cultivation.