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In Canada, family law is primarily statute-based. The federal government has exclusive jurisdiction over marriage and divorce under section 91(26) of the Constitution Act, 1867. The main piece of federal legislation governing the issues arising upon married spouses’ separation and the requirements for divorce is the Divorce Act.
It was not until 1930, when Parliament passed the Divorce Act (Ontario), that the courts of Ontario were given jurisdiction to grant divorces and annulments. The law granting divorce under this law was according to the law of England as it stood at July 15, 1870 (and thus on the same footing as the prairie provinces and the territories). [20]
According to one of the attorneys in the M. v. H. case, the ruling dealt "a body blow to discrimination" in Canada. [3] Although the ruling applied specifically only to the Ontario law, the constitutional principles declared by the court had far-reaching implications for all other provinces in their treatment of same-sex couples' rights. [5]
Cases which have divorce or property claims are brought exclusively in the Superior Court, and child protection and adoption cases must be commenced solely in the Ontario Court of Justice. Each of these two courts has jurisdiction over child and spousal support, as well as custody and access claims.
In 2001, there were 146,618 marriages in Canada, down 6.8% from 157,395 in 2000, [1] but by 2020, there were only 98,355 marriages registered in Canada, which was the lowest total since 1938. [2] Prince Edward Island had the highest crude marriage rate (6.5 per 1,000 people) and Quebec had the lowest (3.0).
In Ontario, divorce was not permitted until 1930, when the federal Parliament enacted a divorce law which applied specifically to Ontario. [105] The federal Divorce Act of 1968 standardized the law of divorce across Canada and introduced the no-fault concept of permanent marriage breakdown as a ground for divorce as well as fault-based grounds ...
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No-fault divorce is the dissolution of a marriage that does not require a showing of wrongdoing by either party. [1] [2] Laws providing for no-fault divorce allow a family court to grant a divorce in response to a petition by either party of the marriage without requiring the petitioner to provide evidence that the defendant has committed a breach of the marital contract.