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The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted N A [1] or L, [2] is an SI defining constant with an exact value of 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 (reciprocal moles). [3] [4] It is this defined number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms, ions, or ion pairs—in general, entities) per mole and used as a normalization factor in relating the amount of substance, n(X), in a sample of a ...
These include the Boltzmann constant, which gives the correspondence of the dimension temperature to the dimension of energy per degree of freedom, and the Avogadro constant, which gives the correspondence of the dimension of amount of substance with the dimension of count of entities (the latter formally regarded in the SI as being dimensionless).
which is a constant for a fixed pressure and a fixed temperature. An equivalent formulation of the ideal gas law can be written using Boltzmann constant k B, as =, where N is the number of particles in the gas, and the ratio of R over k B is equal to the Avogadro constant. In this form, for V/N is a constant, we have
This law states that the rate at which gas molecules diffuse is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas density at a constant temperature. Combined with Avogadro's law (i.e. since equal volumes have an equal number of molecules) this is the same as being inversely proportional to the root of the molecular weight.
Since the 2019 revision of the SI, [1] the Faraday constant has an exactly defined value, the product of the elementary charge (e, in coulombs) and the Avogadro constant (N A, in reciprocal moles): F = e × N A = 1.602 176 634 × 10 −19 C × 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 = 9.648 533 212 331 001 84 × 10 4 C⋅mol −1.
Here, is the amount of the solute in moles, [3] is the number of constituent particles present in volume (in litres) of the solution, and is the Avogadro constant, since 2019 defined as exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1.
For any substance, the number density can be expressed in terms of its amount concentration c (in mol/m 3) as = where N A is the Avogadro constant. This is still true if the spatial dimension unit, metre, in both n and c is consistently replaced by any other spatial dimension unit, e.g. if n is in cm −3 and c is in mol/cm 3 , or if n is in L ...
The van der Waals equation of state may be written as (+) =where is the absolute temperature, is the pressure, is the molar volume and is the universal gas constant.Note that = /, where is the volume, and = /, where is the number of moles, is the number of particles, and is the Avogadro constant.