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Urban climatology is the study of urban climate. It is a branch of climatology that concerns interactions between urban areas and the atmosphere , the effects they have on one another, and the varying spatial and temporal scales at which these processes (and responses) occur.
The climate in urban areas differs from that in neighboring rural areas, as a result of urban development. Urbanization greatly changes the form of the landscape, and also produces changes in an area's air. The study of urban climate is urban climatology. In 1950 Åke Sundborg published one of the first theories on the climate of cities. [1] [2]
[35] [34] For example, the book Life After Carbon documents a number of cities which act as "urban climate innovation laboratories". [36] These cities as laboratories offer an efficient way to detect climate change by looking at the effects of the greenhouse effect on rooftops, street trees, and other environmental variables within a city ...
Urban green infrastructure (UGI) are integrated networks of green spaces in cities and are developed in both private and public areas of the city. [1] Examples of UGI include urban parks with trees and shrub cover, rows of trees along a street, private gardens, rooftop gardens, and other green space throughout a city. [ 10 ]
An urban thermal plume describes rising air in the lower altitudes of the Earth's atmosphere caused by urban areas being warmer than surrounding areas. Over the past thirty years there has been increasing interest in what have been called urban heat islands (UHI), [1] but it is only since 2007 that thought has been given to the rising columns of warm air, or ‘thermal plumes’ that they produce.
Climatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "slope"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years. [1]
Climate shelters are a place of refuge for populations that seek shelter from extreme climate events exacerbated by the effects of urban heat islands. They include cooling centers, but also encompass parks and other outdoor spaces designed to provide a harbor for cooler temperatures than surrounding areas. Several cities have designed programs ...
Urban Climate Architect, [111] [112] created by the Hamburg University Cluster of Excellence CliSAP, [113] is an online climate game specific to the challenges of urban settings. Players can develop the city, adding buildings for residence, commerce and industry as well as natural spaces like parks and ponds while noting the effects such ...