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Urban climatology is the study of urban climate. It is a branch of climatology that concerns interactions between urban areas and the atmosphere , the effects they have on one another, and the varying spatial and temporal scales at which these processes (and responses) occur.
The climate in urban areas differs from that in neighboring rural areas, as a result of urban development. Urbanization greatly changes the form of the landscape, and also produces changes in an area's air. The study of urban climate is urban climatology. In 1950 Åke Sundborg published one of the first theories on the climate of cities. [1] [2]
The World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) is a global initiative of tools to create local climate zone maps for a given city using a standard methodology. [1] It has both a database and a portal. The database has hierarchical layers of increasing detail, with data acquired via crowdsourcing methods such as Geo-Wiki. [2]
[35] [34] For example, the book Life After Carbon documents a number of cities which act as "urban climate innovation laboratories". [36] These cities as laboratories offer an efficient way to detect climate change by looking at the effects of the greenhouse effect on rooftops, street trees, and other environmental variables within a city ...
Climate shelters are a place of refuge for populations that seek shelter from extreme climate events exacerbated by the effects of urban heat islands. They include cooling centers, but also encompass parks and other outdoor spaces designed to provide a harbor for cooler temperatures than surrounding areas. Several cities have designed programs ...
Urban green infrastructure (UGI) are integrated networks of green spaces in cities and are developed in both private and public areas of the city. [1] Examples of UGI include urban parks with trees and shrub cover, rows of trees along a street, private gardens, rooftop gardens, and other green space throughout a city. [ 10 ]
Climate classifications are systems that categorize the world's climates. A climate classification may correlate closely with a biome classification, as climate is a major influence on life in a region. The most used is the Köppen climate classification scheme first developed in 1884.
Climatology is the science that studies climates and investigates their phenomena and causes. The main article for this category is Climatology . Category:Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting.