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Abt switch used in the 1895-built Dresden Funicular Railway (photo of 1985) A railroad switch (AE), turnout, or [set of] points (CE) is a mechanical installation enabling railway trains to be guided from one track to another, such as at a railway junction or where a spur or siding branches off.
[2]: 169 Some U.S. railroads began to install them in the early 1860s, and semaphores gradually displaced other types of signals. The Union Switch & Signal company (US&S) introduced an electro-pneumatic design in 1881. This was more reliable than earlier, purely mechanical versions, and more railroads began to use them.
On a rail transport system, signalling control is the process by which control is exercised over train movements by way of railway signals and block systems to ensure that trains operate safely, over the correct route and to the proper timetable. Signalling control was originally exercised via a decentralised network of control points that were ...
Its first installation in 1927 was on a 40-mile stretch of the New York Central Railroad between Stanley, Toledo and Berwick, Ohio, with the CTC control machine located at Fostoria, Ohio. [1] CTC was designed to enable the train dispatcher to control train movements directly, bypassing local operators and eliminating written train orders.
An interlocking system is designed so that it is impossible to display a signal to proceed unless the route to be used is proven safe. Interlocking is a safety measure designed to prevent signals and points/switches from being changed in an improper sequence. For example, interlocking would prevent a signal from being changed to indicate a ...
Union Switch & Signal (commonly referred to as US&S) was an American company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which focused on railway signaling equipment, systems and services. The company was acquired by Ansaldo STS (from 2015, Hitachi Rail STS ) in 1988, [ 1 ] operating as a wholly-owned company until January 2009, when US&S was renamed ...
Pulse code cab signals work by sending metered pulses along an existing AC track circuit operating at a chosen carrier frequency. The pulses are detected via induction by a sensor hanging a few inches above the rail before the leading set of wheels. The codes are measured in pulses per minute and for the 4-aspect PRR system are set at 180 ppm ...
Installation of the signal system was begun in 2000. Initial testing began in 2004, [41] and installation was mostly completed by December 2006, with all CBTC-equipped R143 subway cars in service by that date. [52] Due to an unexpected ridership increase on the Canarsie Line, the MTA ordered more R160 cars and these were put into service in 2010.