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Voiceless stops are allophonically aspirated under most conditions. Voiced stops become unaspirated voiceless stops. All aspirated stops become fricatives. This sequence would lead to the same result. This variety of Grimm's law is often suggested in the context of Proto-Indo-European glottalic theory, which is followed by a minority of linguists.
A stop consonant that is made with the body of the tongue in contact with the hard palate is called a palatal stop. Retroflex stops are less common than velar stops or alveolar stops and do not occur in native English. They sound somewhat like the native English alveolar stops [t] and [d], but they have a more hollow
Owere Igbo has a seven-way contrast among bilabial stops, /pʰ p ƥ bʱ b ɓ m/, and its alveolar stops are similar. The voiceless velar implosive occurs marginally in Uspantek [17] and /ʠ/ occurs in Mam, Kaqchikel, and Uspantek. [18] Lendu has been claimed to have voiceless /ƥ ƭ ƈ/, but they may actually be creaky-voiced implosives. [9]
The alveolar and dental ejective stops are types of consonantal sounds, usually described as voiceless, that are pronounced with a glottalic egressive airstream. In the International Phonetic Alphabet , ejectives are indicated with a "modifier letter apostrophe" ʼ , [ 1 ] as in this article.
The 2-D finite element mode of the front part of the midsagittal tongue can stimulate the air pressed release of an alveolar stop. [4] Alveolar consonants in children's productions have generally been demonstrated to undergo smaller vowel-related coarticulatory effects than labial and velar consonants, thus yielding consonant-specific patterns ...
The term "palatal stop" is sometimes used imprecisely to refer to postalveolar affricates, which themselves come in numerous varieties, or to other acoustically similar sounds, such as palatalized velar stops. The most common sound is the voiced nasal [ ɲ]. More generally, several kinds are distinguished: [c], voiceless palatal plosive
An example of the unitary behavior of prenasalized stops is provided by Fijian. In this language, as in many in Melanesia and also reconstructed for Proto-Oceanic, there is a series of voiceless stops, [p, t, k], and a series of prenasalized stops, [ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ], but there are no simple voiced stops, [b, d, ɡ]. In addition, Fijian allows ...
In producing an ejective, the stylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle contract, causing the hyoid bone and the connected glottis to rise, and the forward articulation (at the velum in the case of [kʼ]) is held, raising air pressure greatly in the mouth so when the oral articulators separate, there is a dramatic burst of air. [1]