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Phenanthrene is used to make dyes, plastics, pesticides, explosives, and drugs. It has also been used to make bile acids, cholesterol and steroids. [3] Phenanthrene occurs naturally and also is a man-made chemical. Commonly, humans are exposed to phenanthrene through inhalation of cigarette smoke, but there are many routes of exposure.
Station for complex water treatment SKO-10K. One of the first steps in most conventional water purification processes is the addition of chemicals to assist in the removal of particles suspended in water. Particles can be inorganic such as clay and silt or organic such as algae, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and natural organic matter.
It has been prepared by oxidation of phenanthrene with chromic acid. [3] It is used as an artificial mediator for electron acceptor/donor in Mo/W containing formate dehydrogenase reduction of carbon dioxide to formate and vice versa. It is a better electron acceptor than the natural nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +).
Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge. The coagulation-flocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation.
The surface biofilm is the layer that provides the effective purification in potable water treatment, the underlying sand providing the support medium for this biological treatment layer. As water passes through the hypogeal layer, particles of foreign matter are trapped in the mucilaginous matrix and soluble organic material is adsorbed. The ...
Dexter (also known as Dexter exchange or collisional energy transfer, colloquially known as Dexter Energy Transfer) is another dynamic quenching mechanism. [12] Dexter electron transfer is a short-range phenomenon that falls off exponentially with distance (proportional to e −kR where k is a constant that is the inverse of the sum of both van der Waals radius of the atom over 2 [13]) and ...
Benzo[c]phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C 18 H 12. It is a white solid that is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. It is a nonplanar molecule [1] [2] consisting of the fusion of four fused benzene rings. The compound is of mainly theoretical interest but it is environmentally occurring [3] and ...
1-Hydroxyphenanthrene is a phenanthrol and a human metabolite of phenanthrene that can be detected in urine of persons exposed to PAHs. [1]It can also be used as a marker for PAH pollution measured in marine fish bile.
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