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Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching, is the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin. Several chemicals have been shown to be effective in skin whitening, while some have proven to be toxic or have ...
Glow & Lovely (formerly Fair & Lovely) is an Indian skin-lightening cosmetic product of Hindustan Unilever introduced to the market in India in 1975. Glow & Lovely is available in India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Mauritius and other parts of Asia and is also exported to other parts of the world, such as the West, where it is sold in ...
The South Korean girl group Girls' Generation collaborated with Dior in 2011 to promote their skin lightening cream, targeted consumers influenced by the Korean Wave and potentially increasing their presence in the East Asian cosmetics markets. [4] Bihaku products are highly popular among mature women.
Galena is used in TCM to treat ringworm, skin disorders and ulcers, and is thought to "detoxify" the body. [107] It is crushed and taken orally or used on the skin. [107] Lead tetroxide (Qian Dan) is used to treat anxiety, itching, and malaria. [105] [108] [109] [110] It is important to note that most lead compounds are extremely toxic.
Hindustan Unilever's "Glow & Lovely" is the leading skin-lightening cream for women in India. [20] The company had to cease television advertisements for the product in 2007. Advertisements depicted depressed, dark-complexioned women, who had been ignored by employers and men, suddenly finding new boyfriends and glamorous careers after the ...
Skin lightening is prevalent among Saudi women, as indicated by several studies. A 2019 study conducted among 760 Saudi female students found that 56.2% of the participants had used skin lightening products at some point in their lives. [6] Women with lower socioeconomic status were more likely to use skin lightening products. [6]
Diclofenac, sold under the brand name Voltaren among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases such as gout. [6] [9] It can be taken orally (swallowed by mouth), inserted rectally as a suppository, injected intramuscularly, injected intravenously, applied to the skin topically, or through eye drops.
Cassia fistula flower extract displayed an anti-aging properties when introduced to the human skin fibroblast and has a variety of cosmetic and nutritional applications. It displays an ability to cause hypopigmentation and can be applied as a whitening agent. [19]