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  2. Ferrocement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrocement

    Ferrocement or ferro-cement [1] is a system of construction using reinforced mortar [2] or plaster (lime or cement, sand, and water) applied over an "armature" of metal mesh, woven, expanded metal, or metal-fibers, and closely spaced thin steel rods such as rebar. The metal commonly used is iron or some type of steel, and the mesh is made with ...

  3. Reinforced concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete

    Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.

  4. Water–cement ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water–cement_ratio

    The water–cement ratio (w/c ratio, or water-to-cement ratio, sometimes also called the Water-Cement Factor, f) is the ratio of the mass of water (w) to the mass of cement (c) used in a concrete mix:

  5. Engineered cementitious composite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineered_cementitious...

    Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), also called Strain Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) or more popularly as bendable concrete, is an easily molded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected short random fibers, usually polymer fibers. [1]

  6. Concrete ship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_ship

    The oldest known ferrocement watercraft was a dinghy built by Joseph-Louis Lambot in Southern France in 1848. Lambot's boat was featured in the Exposition Universelle held in Paris in 1855. Beginning in the 1860s, ferrocement barges were built in Europe for use on canals, and around 1896, an Italian engineer, Carlo Gabellini, began building ...

  7. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_granulated_blast...

    Samples of "ground granulated blast furnace slag" (left) and "granulated blast furnace slag" (right) Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS or GGBFS) is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a by-product of iron and steel-making) from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.

  8. History of structural engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_structural...

    Developments in concrete continued with the construction in 1848 of a rowing boat built of ferrocement - the forerunner of modern reinforced concrete - by Joseph-Louis Lambot. He patented his system of mesh reinforcement and concrete in 1855, one year after W.B. Wilkinson also patented a similar system. [19]

  9. Sulfate attack in concrete and mortar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate_attack_in_concrete...

    Cement hydration and strength development mainly depend on two silicate phases: tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) (), and dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) (). [1] Upon hydration, the main reaction products are calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2, written as CH in the cement chemist notation.