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TIMESTAMP: This is a DATE and a TIME put together in one variable (e.g. 2011-05-03 15:51:36.123456). TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE: the same as TIMESTAMP, but including details about the time zone in question. The SQL function EXTRACT can be used for extracting
Reserved words in SQL and related products In SQL:2023 [3] In IBM Db2 13 [4] In Mimer SQL 11.0 [5] In MySQL 8.0 [6] In Oracle Database 23c [7] In PostgreSQL 16 [1] In Microsoft SQL Server 2022 [2]
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TableTrigger AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON OriginalTable FOR EACH ROW DECLARE Now TIMESTAMP; BEGIN SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP INTO Now FROM Dual; UPDATE HistoryTable SET EndDate = Now WHERE EndDate IS NULL AND Column1 =: OLD. Column1; IF: NEW. Column1 IS NOT NULL THEN INSERT INTO HistoryTable (Column1, Column2 ...
Major DBMSs, including SQLite, [5] MySQL, [6] Oracle, [7] IBM Db2, [8] Microsoft SQL Server [9] and PostgreSQL [10] support prepared statements. Prepared statements are normally executed through a non-SQL binary protocol for efficiency and protection from SQL injection, but with some DBMSs such as MySQL prepared statements are also available using a SQL syntax for debugging purposes.
(This is because a later transaction already depends on the old value.) Otherwise, T i creates a new version of object P and sets the read/write timestamp TS of the new version to the timestamp of the transaction TS ← TS(T i). [2] The drawback to this system is the cost of storing multiple versions of objects in the database.
Names such as LAST_UPDATE, LAST_MODIFIED, etc. are common. Any row in any table that has a timestamp in that column that is more recent than the last time data was captured is considered to have changed. Timestamps on rows are also frequently used for opened locking so this column is often available.
These timestamps ensure that transactions affect each object in the same sequence of their respective timestamps. Thus, given two operations that affect the same object from different transactions, the operation of the transaction with the earlier timestamp must execute before the operation of the transaction with the later timestamp.
SQL:2011 or ISO/IEC 9075:2011 (under the general title "Information technology – Database languages – SQL") is the seventh revision of the ISO (1987) and ANSI (1986) standard for the SQL database query language. It was formally adopted in December 2011. [1] The standard consists of 9 parts which are described in detail in SQL.