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Line length rule can be configured with option --linelength and file extensions can be configured with --extensions (by default: 'h', 'cpp', 'cc', 'cu' and 'cuh'). Some options can be stored in a configuration file CPPLINT.cfg. cpplint is implemented as a Python script. [3] It is distributed under the 3 clause BSD license.
The additional files attached for internal compiler errors usually have special formats that they save as, such as .dump for Java. These formats are generally more difficult to analyze than regular files, but can still have very helpful information for solving the bug causing the crash. [6] Example of an internal compiler error:
Off-by-one errors are common in using the C library because it is not consistent with respect to whether one needs to subtract 1 byte – functions like fgets() and strncpy will never write past the length given them (fgets() subtracts 1 itself, and only retrieves (length − 1) bytes), whereas others, like strncat will write past the length given them.
Visualization of a software buffer overflow. Data is written into A, but is too large to fit within A, so it overflows into B.. In programming and information security, a buffer overflow or buffer overrun is an anomaly whereby a program writes data to a buffer beyond the buffer's allocated memory, overwriting adjacent memory locations.
The most common problem in early exit is that cleanup or final statements are not executed – for example, allocated memory is not unallocated, or open files are not closed, causing leaks. These must be done at each return site, which is brittle and can easily result in bugs.
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C does not provide direct support to exception handling: it is the programmer's responsibility to prevent errors in the first place and test return values from the functions.
Compilation errors may occur if multiple header files include the same file. One solution is to avoid including files in header files – possibly requiring excessive include directives in body files. Another solution is to use an include guard in each header file. [4] The C standard library is declared as a collection of header files.