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  2. Antifreeze - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze

    Antifreeze is commonly consumed due to its sweet taste cause by the ethylene glycol, [38] and is also commonly consumed as a surrogate alcohol due to its high alcohol contents. To prevent consumption due to taste, many brands have bitter additives, but many [ 39 ] [ 40 ] [ 41 ] studies do not support the idea bitter additives reduce ingestions.

  3. Ethylene glycol poisoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene_glycol_poisoning

    Antifreeze products for automotive use containing propylene glycol in place of ethylene glycol are available, and are generally considered safer to use, as it possesses an unpleasant taste in contrast to the perceived "sweet" taste of toxic ethylene glycol-based coolants, and produces only lactic acid in an animal's body, as their muscles do ...

  4. Bitterant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitterant

    Bitterants are used in antifreeze to prevent pet and child poisonings. [1] It is required by law in some places (France, Oregon, etc.). Gas dusters often use a bitterant to discourage inhalant abuse, although this can cause problems for legitimate users. The bitterant not only leaves a bitter flavor in the air, but also leaves a bitter residue ...

  5. Ethylene glycol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene_glycol

    It is mainly used for two purposes: as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, flammable, viscous liquid. It has a sweet taste, but is toxic in high concentrations. This molecule has been observed in outer space. [8]

  6. Propylene glycol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylene_glycol

    Propylene glycol (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a viscous, colorless liquid.It is almost odorless and has a faintly sweet taste. Its chemical formula is CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 OH. . As it contains two alcohol groups, it is classified as a d

  7. Denatonium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denatonium

    Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharinate (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharinate. [1]

  8. Diesel exhaust fluid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid

    The isocyanic acid reacts with the water vapor and hydrolyses to carbon dioxide and ammonia: HNCO + H 2 O → CO 2 + NH 3. Overall, thus far: (NH 2) 2 CO + H 2 O → 2 NH 3 + CO 2. Ammonia, in the presence of oxygen and a catalyst, reduces two different nitrogen oxides: [14] 4 NO + 4 NH 3 + O 2 → 4 N 2 + 6 H 2 O ("standard SCR") and 6 NO 2 ...

  9. Coolant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant

    A coolant is a substance, typically liquid, that is used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system. An ideal coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, is low-cost, non-toxic, chemically inert and neither causes nor promotes corrosion of the cooling system. Some applications also require the coolant to be an electrical insulator.