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The tree-in-bud sign is a nonspecific imaging finding that implies impaction within bronchioles, the smallest airway passages in the lung. The differential for this finding includes malignant and inflammatory etiologies, either infectious or sterile.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; Other names: ABPA, Hinson-Pepys disease. The chest radiograph of an allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis patient shown with left-sided perihilar opacity (blue arrow) along with non-homogeneous infiltrates (transient pulmonary infiltrates indicated by red arrows) in all zones of both lung fields.
3. Nodule with poorly defined margins - Round density within the lung parenchyma, also called a tuberculoma. Nodules included in this category are those with margins that are indistinct or poorly defined (tree-in-bud sign [3]). The surrounding haziness can be either subtle or readily apparent and suggests coexisting airspace consolidation.
Cavitation or consolidation of the apexes of the upper lobes of the lung or the tree-in-bud sign [15] may be visible on an affected patient's chest X-ray. [1] The tree-in-bud sign may appear on the chest CTs of some patients affected by tuberculosis, but it is not specific to tuberculosis.
Peribronchial cuffing, also referred to as peribronchial thickening or bronchial wall thickening, is a radiologic sign which occurs when excess fluid or mucus buildup in the small airway passages of the lung causes localized patches of atelectasis (lung collapse). [1] This causes the area around the bronchus to appear more prominent on an X-ray ...
To confirm the diagnosis, a doctor may perform a lung biopsy using a bronchoscope. Many times, a larger specimen is needed and must be removed surgically. Plain chest radiography shows normal lung volumes, with characteristic patchy unilateral or bilateral consolidation. Small nodular opacities occur in up to 50% of patients and large nodules ...
Acute presentation may reveal poorly defined a micro-nodular interstitial pattern and ground-glass opacities in the lower and mid lung zones. In addition to this, subacute presentations may show reticular nodular opacities in mid-to-lower lung zones. [1] Chronic forms may show fibrotic changes and appear like Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [3]
Several other disorders have been linked to DIP. Infections such as hepatitis C [9] and cytomegalovirus [10] have been associated with DIP. Many systematic disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, [11] [12] connective tissue disease, [11] [13] and rheumatoid arthritis [14] have been connected to DIP. [15] [16]