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  2. Russian Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire

    Topographic map of the Russian Empire in 1912 Map of the Russian Empire in 1745. By the end of the 19th century the area of the empire was about 22,400,000 square kilometers (8,600,000 sq mi), or almost one-sixth of the Earth's landmass; its only rival in size at the time was the British Empire. The majority of the population lived in European ...

  3. List of Russian flags - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russian_flags

    The Imperial Standard was the black Double-Headed Eagle displayed on a golden banner, which represented the Empire and the Emperor, the absolute ruler of Russia. [4] When the black-yellow-white flag was in use between 1858 and 1896, the white-blue-red flag was still used as a merchant ensign. [4] 1721–1896: Civil ensign of the Russian Empire ...

  4. Alexander II of Russia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia

    Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator (Russian: Алекса́ндр Освободи́тель, romanized: Aleksándr Osvobodítel, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɐsvəbɐˈdʲitʲɪlʲ]).

  5. Flag of Russia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Russia

    The design was first introduced by Tsar Peter the Great in 1693, and in 1705 it was adopted as the civil ensign of the Tsardom of Russia; the flag continued to be used as a civil ensign under the Russian Empire. In 1858, Emperor Alexander II declared the black-yellow-white tricolour as the national flag, and in 1896 it was replaced by the white ...

  6. Tsardom of Russia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia

    The Tsardom of Russia, [a] also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, [b] was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. [11]

  7. History of Russia (1855–1894) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1855...

    In 1855, Alexander II began his reign as Tsar of Russia and presided over a period of political and social reform, notably the emancipation of serfs in 1861 and the lifting of censorship. His successor Alexander III (r. 1881–1894) pursued a policy of repression and restricted public expenditure, but continued land and labour reforms.

  8. Circassian genocide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circassian_genocide

    The Circassian resettlement plan was eventually agreed upon at a meeting of the Russian Caucasus commanders in October 1860 in Vladikavkaz and officially approved on 10 May 1862 by Tsar Alexander II [128] and a flood of refugee movements began as Russian troops advanced in their final campaign.

  9. File:Flag-map of the Russian Empire (1866).svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_the...

    Legal disclaimer This image shows (or resembles) a symbol used by the Russian Federation and its Armed Forces, an organization closely associated to it, or another party advocating or glorifying wars of aggression or aggressive conduct.