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The members of Constituent Assembly of India recognised the need for independent institutions which can regulate sectors of national importance without any executive interference. As such, they introduced constitutional provisions, paving the way for creation of Constitutional bodies.
In 2014, the conduct of the National Eligibility Test for grant of a junior research fellowship and eligibility for assistant professor in institutions of higher learning was outsourced to CBSE. [9] Apart from these tests, CBSE also conducts the Central Teacher Eligibility Test and the Class X optional proficiency test. [9]
Institutions are a principal object of study in social sciences such as political science, anthropology, economics, and sociology (the latter described by Émile Durkheim as the "science of institutions, their genesis and their functioning"). [9] Primary or meta-institutions are institutions such as the family or money that are broad enough to ...
As a part of the tenth Five-year Plan (2002–2007), the central government of India outlined an expenditure of 65.6% of its total education budget of ₹ 438 billion (US$5.0 billion) i.e. ₹ 288 billion (US$3.3 billion) on elementary education; 9.9% i.e. ₹ 43.25 billion (US$490 million) on secondary education; 2.9% i.e. ₹ 12.5 billion (US ...
In sociology and organizational studies, institutional theory is a theory on the deeper and more resilient aspects of social structure. It considers the processes by which structures, including schemes, rules, norms, and routines, become established as authoritative guidelines for social behavior. [1]
Created by Thomas Lawrence and Roy Suddaby (2006, pp. 217), the concept of institutional work refers to “the broad category of purposive action aimed at creating, maintaining, and disrupting institutions and businesses .” [1] The focus of institutional work shifts away from more traditional institutional scholarship that offers strong accounts of the processes through which institutions ...
The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) was the first organization to formulate a statement on the governance of higher education based on principles of democratic values and participation (which, in this sense, correlates with the Yale Report of 1828, which has been referred to as the "first attempt at a formally stated philosophy of education" for universities, emphasizing ...
The education system is an ecosystem [citation needed] of professionals in educational institutions, such as government ministries, unions, statutory boards, agencies, and schools. The education system consists of political heads, principals, teaching staff, non-teaching staff, administrative personnel and other educational professionals ...