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Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings (pyrimidine and imidazole) fused together. It is water-soluble. Purine also gives its name to the wider class of molecules, purines, which include substituted purines and their tautomers. They are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycles in nature. [1]
Purines from turnover of cellular nucleic acids (or from food) can also be salvaged and reused in new nucleotides. The enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) salvages adenine. The enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) salvages guanine and hypoxanthine. [3] (Genetic deficiency of HGPRT causes Lesch–Nyhan syndrome.)
Specifically, eating lots of purine-rich foods can raise your risk of gout. High- and moderate-purine foods include: Red meats like beef, pork, veal, and venison. Liver and other organ meats.
Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, ... Purine-rich foods include liver, kidney, and sweetbreads, and certain types of seafood, ...
[1] [2] At high levels, uric acid crystallizes and the crystals deposit in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues, resulting in an attack of gout. [1] Gout occurs more commonly in those who regularly drink beer or sugar-sweetened beverages; eat foods that are high in purines such as liver, shellfish, or anchovies; or are overweight.
High levels of purines are known to increase uric acid production and may aggravate or lead to conditions such as gout. [14] Harvard researchers report that omega-3 fatty acids and uridine, two substances in foods such as fish, walnuts, molasses, and sugar beets, prevented depression in rats as effectively as antidepressant drugs.
Unless high blood levels of uric acid are determined in a clinical laboratory, hyperuricemia may not cause noticeable symptoms in most people. [4] Development of gout – which is a painful, short-term disorder – is the most common consequence of hyperuricemia, which causes deposition of uric acid crystals usually in joints of the extremities, but may also induce formation of kidney stones ...
These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines in some species, including humans. [3] Xanthine oxidase is defined as an enzyme activity (EC 1.17.3.2). [4]