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Hathor (Ancient Egyptian: ḥwt-ḥr, lit. 'House of Horus', Ancient Greek : Ἁθώρ Hathōr , Coptic : ϩⲁⲑⲱⲣ , Meroitic : 𐦠𐦴𐦫𐦢 Atari ) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion who played a wide variety of roles.
The rise, fall and extinction of the priestesses of Hathor are seen in ancient Egyptian culture. The women who wanted to become socially powerful usually took refuge in religion and took the charge of priesthood. [3] [4] Ancient Egyptian society took women's empowerment much more loosely than ancient Greece and ancient Rome. There women were ...
However, ancient Egyptian texts do not maintain a distinction between a Horus the Elder and a 'younger' Horus. Horus-wer is also sometimes referred to as the son of Osiris and Isis, and 'wer' is a common epithet for ancient Egyptian gods and does not imply a separation between older and younger deities into two different generations.
The Dendera zodiac as displayed at the Louvre Denderah zodiac with original colors (reconstructed). The sculptured Dendera zodiac (or Denderah zodiac) is a widely known Egyptian bas-relief from the ceiling of the pronaos (or portico) of a chapel dedicated to Osiris in the Hathor temple at Dendera, containing images of Taurus (the bull) and Libra (the scales).
He, therefore, built several grand temples there in order to impress upon the Nubians Egypt's might and Egyptianize the people of Nubia. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The most prominent temples are the rock-cut temples near the modern village of Abu Simbel , at the Second Nile Cataract, the border between Lower Nubia and Upper Nubia. [ 4 ]
They were first mentioned late in the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BC) in the Pyramid Texts and continued to be invoked in funerary texts throughout ancient Egyptian history. Their connection with the canopic jars was established in the First Intermediate Period, and afterward they became ubiquitous in the decoration of canopic chests , coffins ...
In the Egyptian system of thought, the level of the flood depends on the goodwill of the deities: Horus, Khnum, Amun, Osiris, Ptah, etc. In itself, the flood is deified in the form of Hapi, the god of the Nile. The Egyptians never imagined that Pharaoh was capable of commanding, like a god, the phenomenon of the flood.
Hathor's cult center was in the 6th Nome of Upper Egypt, adjacent to the 7th nome where Bat was the cow goddess, which may indicate that once they were the same goddess in Predynastic Egypt. By the Middle Kingdom , the cult of Hathor had again absorbed that of Bat in a manner similar to other mergers in the Egyptian pantheon .