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Underfloor heating and cooling is a form of central heating and cooling that achieves indoor climate control for thermal comfort using hydronic or electrical heating elements embedded in a floor. Heating is achieved by conduction, radiation and convection. Use of underfloor heating dates back to the Neoglacial and Neolithic periods.
The flow in manifolds is extensively encountered in many industrial processes when it is necessary to distribute a large fluid stream into several parallel streams, or to collect them into one discharge stream, such as in fuel cells, heat exchangers, radial flow reactors, hydronics, fire protection, and irrigation. Manifolds can usually be ...
While overhead systems typically use ducts to distribute the air, UFAD systems use the underfloor plenum formed by installation of a raised floor. The plenum generally sits 0.3 and 0.46 metres (12 and 18 in ) above the structural concrete slab, although lower heights are possible.
Hypocaust under the floor in a Roman villa in Vieux-la-Romaine, near Caen, France. A hypocaust (Latin: hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes.
Right in white-blue: the calculator; in the center in bronze: the ultrasonic flow meter A heat meter , thermal energy meter or energy meter is a device which measures thermal energy provided by a source or delivered to a sink , by measuring the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid and the change in its temperature ( ΔT ) between the outflow ...
Uponor Oyj is a Finnish company that sells products for drinking water delivery, radiant heating and cooling. With approximately 3,700 employees, [3] its head office is located in Helsinki, Finland. [1] Based in Finland, the corporation's shares have been listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange, under the symbol UPONOR, since June 6, 1988. [4]
Schematic view of a flow sensor. An ultrasonic flow meter is a type of flow meter that measures the velocity of a fluid with ultrasound to calculate volume flow. Using ultrasonic transducers, the flow meter can measure the average velocity along the path of an emitted beam of ultrasound, by averaging the difference in measured transit time between the pulses of ultrasound propagating into and ...
Ondol (ON-dol; / ˈ ɒ n. d ɒ l /, [1] Korean: 온돌; Hanja: 溫突/溫堗; Korean pronunciation:) or gudeul (구들; ) in Korean traditional architecture is underfloor heating that uses direct heat transfer from wood smoke to heat the underside of a thick masonry floor. In modern usage, it refers to any type of underfloor heating, or to a ...