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In addition to the surface layer, the planetary boundary layer also comprises the PBL core (between 0.1 and 0.7 of the PBL depth) and the PBL top or entrainment layer or capping inversion layer (between 0.7 and 1 of the PBL depth). Four main external factors determine the PBL depth and its mean vertical structure:
K-theory (eddy diffusivity/viscosity theory) is a form of local closure, and is the main first order closure scheme within the surface layer. K-theory follows a similar concept as molecular viscosity, in that the turbulent flux of a quantity is proportional to its spatial gradient, with K as the eddy viscosity/diffusivity.
A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction is a 1977 book on architecture, urban design, and community livability.It was authored by Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein of the Center for Environmental Structure of Berkeley, California, with writing credits also to Max Jacobson, Ingrid Fiksdahl-King and Shlomo Angel.
Shearing layers is a concept coined by architect Frank Duffy, which was later elaborated by Stewart Brand in his book, How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built (Brand, 1994), and refers to buildings as composed of several layers of change. The concept has been adopted by a number of technology vendors to also describe the different ...
The NIST Enterprise Architecture Model is a five-layered model for enterprise architecture, designed for organizing, planning, and building an integrated set of information and information technology architectures. The five layers are defined separately but are interrelated and interwoven. [2] The model defined the interrelation as follows: [3]
PERA is a reference architecture that can model the enterprise in multiple layers and in multiple stages of the architectural life cycle. Initially PERA was part of the PERA methodology, which consisted of three main building blocks: [2] Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture, Purdue Reference Model, and; Purdue implementation procedures manual
In architecture, spatial design, literary theory, and film theory—affective atmosphere (colloquially called atmosphere) refers to the mood, situation, or sensorial qualities of a space. [1] Spaces containing atmosphere are shaped through subjective and intersubjective interactions with the qualia of the architecture. [2]
The logarithmic profile of wind speeds is generally limited to the lowest 100 m of the atmosphere (i.e., the surface layer of the atmospheric boundary layer). The rest of the atmosphere is composed of the remaining part of the PBL (up to around 1 km) and the troposphere or free atmosphere.