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A microfossil is a fossil that is generally between 0.001 mm and 1 mm in size, [2] the visual study of which requires the use of light or electron microscopy. A fossil which can be studied with the naked eye or low-powered magnification, such as a hand lens, is referred to as a macrofossil .
Fusulinid from the Plattsmouth Chert, Red Oak, Iowa ().Micropaleontology can be roughly divided into four areas of study on the basis of microfossil composition: (a) calcareous, as in coccoliths and foraminifera, (b) phosphatic, as in the study of some vertebrates, (c) siliceous, as in diatoms and radiolaria, or (d) organic, as in the pollen and spores studied in palynology.
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Microfossils found in chert extend the Barberton microfossil record back to 3.5 billion years. All three types of microfossil morphologies are found in cherts. Chert can have a variety of colours, but microfossils are typically found in black cherts, as the dark color can indicate organic material. [1]
Since the original discovery, studies have documented plenty of microfossil and geochemical evidence showing that life covered the continents as far back as 2.2 billion years ago. While most paleobiologists now accept the idea that simple life forms existed on land during the Precambrian, few accept that multicellular life thrived on land more ...
Discoaster surculus fossil, 15 microns across. The extinction of this species officially marks the beginning of the Quaternary period. Calcareous nannofossils are a class of tiny (less than 30 microns in diameter [1]) microfossils that are similar to coccoliths deposited by the modern-day coccolithophores. [2]
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The Gunflint Iron Formation is a banded iron formation, composed predominantly of dense chert and slate layers interbedded with ankerite carbonate layers. The chert layers can be subdivided into black layers (containing organic material and pyrite), red layers (containing hematite), and green layers (containing siderite). [5]