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Instruction 2 would be fetched at t 2 and would be complete at t 6. The first instruction might deposit the incremented number into R5 as its fifth step (register write back) at t 5. But the second instruction might get the number from R5 (to copy to R6) in its second step (instruction decode and register fetch) at time t 3. It seems that the ...
Recipes and process checklists, while not computer programs, are also familiar concepts that are similar in style to imperative programming; each step is an instruction, and the physical world holds the state. Since the basic ideas of imperative programming are both conceptually familiar and directly embodied in the hardware, most computer ...
The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch–execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage.
For non-strict functional languages, functions and language constructs exist to achieve the same result, but they are usually not termed control flow statements. A set of statements is in turn generally structured as a block, which in addition to grouping, also defines a lexical scope.
Instruction sets may be categorized by the maximum number of operands explicitly specified in instructions. (In the examples that follow, a, b, and c are (direct or calculated) addresses referring to memory cells, while reg1 and so on refer to machine registers.) C = A+B
For brevity, these words will have the specified meanings in the following tables (unless noted to be part of language syntax): funcN A function.
The next step is to decode the machine instruction by selecting the proper output line to the hardware module. [148] The final step is to execute the instruction using the hardware module's set of gates. A symbolic representation of an ALU. Instructions to perform arithmetic are passed through an arithmetic logic unit (ALU). [149]
Pipelining allows different functional units of a system to run concurrently. Consider an informal example in the following figure. A system includes three sub-function units (F 0, F 1 and F 2). Assume that there are three independent tasks (T 0, T 1 and T 2) being performed by these three function units. The time for each function unit to ...