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[3] [15] For instance, a person may be vulnerable to becoming depressed but will not develop depression unless he or she is exposed to a specific stress, which may trigger a depressive disorder. [16] Stressors can take the form of a discrete event, such as the divorce of parents or a death in the family, or can be more chronic factors such as ...
It argues that people with depression act in ways that maintain their depression and locates the origin of depressive episodes in the environment. [6] While BA theories do not deny biological factors that contribute to depression, they assert that it is ultimately the combination of a stressful event in an individual's life and their reaction ...
The idea that individuals vary in their sensitivity to their environment was historically framed in diathesis-stress [4] or dual-risk terms. [5] These theories suggested that some "vulnerable" individuals, due to their biological, temperamental and/or physiological characteristics (i.e., "diathesis" or "risk 1"), are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of negative experiences (i.e., "stress ...
This model is commonly used for case conceptualization of psychological disorders as well as chronic pain, [18] with the view that the pain is a psychophysiological behavior pattern that cannot be categorised into biological, psychological, or social factors alone. A related view, the diathesis-stress model, posits that mental disorders result ...
Depression is usually a response to life events such as relationship issues, financial problems, physical illness, bereavement, etc. Some people can become depressed for no obvious reason and their suffering is just as real as those reacting from life events. Psychological makeup can also play a role in vulnerability to depression.
[5] [6] Stress itself is a systemic psychological state that includes a subjective “feel” and a motivational-component (the individual desires to reduce stress); some researchers consider stress to be a subset of or a closely related system to emotions, which likewise depend on appraisal and motivate behavior. [5]
Research has found that people with MDD have elevated cortisol levels in response to stress and that low serotonin levels are related to the development of depression. [49] Thus, it is possible that a dysregulation in the HPA, when combined with the increased history of traumatic events, may contribute to the gender differences seen in depression.
Also, people who do not believe that stress will affect their health do not have an increased risk of illness, disease, or death. [73] This suggests that there are individual differences in vulnerability to the potential pathogenic effects of stress; individual differences in vulnerability arise due to both genetic and psychological factors.