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2. Plumbing fixture - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing_fixture

   The visible water surface in a toilet is the top of the trap's water seal. Each fixture drain, with exceptions, must be vented so that negative air pressure in the drain cannot siphon the trap dry, to prevent positive air pressure in the sewer from forcing gases past the water seal, and to prevent explosive sewer gas buildup.

3. Closet flange - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closet_flange

   PVC closet flange with steel flange, before installation. In plumbing, a closet flange (also known as a toilet flange) is a pipe fitting (specifically, a type of flange) that both mounts a toilet to the floor and connects the closet bend to a drain pipe. The name comes from the term "water closet", the traditional name for a toilet.

4. Piping and plumbing fitting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting

   A closet flange (the drainpipe flange to which a flush toilet is attached) is a specialized flange designed to be flush with the floor, allowing a toilet to be installed above it. The flange must be mechanically strong to accommodate slight misalignments or movements and resist corrosion.

5. Floor drain - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_drain

   Floor drain system in bathroom, Korea. A floor drain is a plumbing fixture that is installed in the floor of a structure, mainly designed to remove any standing water near it. They are usually round, but can also be square or rectangular. They usually range from 2 to 12 inches (5.1 to 30.5 cm); most are 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter.

6. Drain (plumbing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_(plumbing)

   Pool drain vortex as viewed from above the water at Grange Park wading pool Underwater view of drain, showing vortex-formation phenomenon. A drain is the primary vessel or conduit for unwanted water or waste liquids to flow away, either to a more useful area, funnelled into a receptacle, or run into sewers or stormwater mains as waste discharge to be released or processed.

7. Plumbing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing

   Roman roofs used lead in conduits and drain pipes [14] and some were also covered with lead. Lead was also used for piping and for making baths. [15] Plumbing reached its early apex in ancient Rome, which saw the introduction of expansive systems of aqueducts, tile wastewater removal, and widespread use of lead pipes.

8. Air gap (plumbing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_gap_(plumbing)

   This "air gap" is visible above the sink as a small cylindrical fixture mounted near the faucet. In the base cabinet under the sink, the drain hose from the dishwasher feeds the "top" of the air gap, and the "bottom" of the air gap is plumbed into the sink drain below the basket, or into a garbage disposal unit. When installed and maintained ...

9. Trap (plumbing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_(plumbing)

   Trap with copper drain pipe at underside of firestop packing in two-hour fire-resistance rated concrete floor slab Typical P-trap. Maintaining the water seal is critical to trap operation; traps might dry out, and poor venting can suction or blow water out of the traps. This is usually avoided by venting the drain pipes downstream of the trap ...