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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Vietnamese on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Vietnamese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
The nặng tone is pronounced as low rising tone (12) [˩˨] in fast speech or low falling-rising tone (212) [˨˩˨] in more careful utterance. The ngã and hỏi tone are merged into a mid falling-rising (214) [˨˩˦], which is somewhat similar to the hỏi tone of the non-Hanoi Northern accent mentioned above.
Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The four remaining letters are not considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.
It's only in the onset that it's ambiguous. [c] allows us to keep the same symbol in onset and coda. I've seen [ʈ] used--for example by the orthography to IPA converter linked at the Viet phon. article--but it's relatively uncommon, perhaps because it doesn't occur in coda position. [kp] is s.t. just strongly labialized [k].
The non-IPA letters found in the extIPA are listed in the following table. VoQS letters may also be used, as in ↀ͡r̪͆ for a buccal interdental trill (a raspberry), as VoQS started off as a subset of extIPA. [3] Several letters and superscript forms were added to Unicode 14 and 15. They are included in the free Gentium Plus and Andika fonts.
If there is an IPA symbol you are looking for that you do not see here, see Help:IPA, which is a more complete list. For a table listing all spellings of the sounds on this page, see English orthography § Sound-to-spelling correspondences .
Later, in 1920, French-Polish linguist Jean Przyluski found that Mường is more closely related to Vietnamese than other Mon–Khmer languages, and a Viet–Muong subgrouping was established, also including Thavung, Chut, Cuoi, etc. [12] The term "Vietic" was proposed by Hayes (1992), [13] who proposed to redefine Viet–Muong as referring to ...
When the IPA is used for broad phonetic or for phonemic transcription, the letter–sound correspondence can be rather loose. The IPA has recommended that more 'familiar' letters be used when that would not cause ambiguity. [13] For example, e and o for [ɛ] and [ɔ], t for [t̪] or [ʈ], f for [ɸ], etc.