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Pulsus alternans is diagnosed by first palpating the radial or femoral arteries, feeling for a regular rhythm but alternating strong and weak pulses. Next, a blood pressure cuff is used to confirm the finding: the cuff is elevated past systolic pressure and then slowly lowered cuff towards the systolic level.
Hamman's sign (rarely, Hammond's sign [1] or Hammond's crunch [2]) is a medical sign consisting of a crunching, rasping sound, synchronous with the heartbeat, [3] heard over the precordium in spontaneous mediastinal emphysema.
A large cardiac tamponade will show as an enlarged globular-shaped heart on chest x-ray. During inspiration, the negative pressure in the thoracic cavity will cause increased pressure into the right ventricle. This increased pressure in the right ventricle will cause the interventricular septum to bulge towards the left ventricle, leading to ...
AP chest x-rays are harder to read than PA x-rays and are therefore generally reserved for situations where it is difficult for the patient to get an ordinary chest x-ray, such as when the patient is bedridden. In this situation, mobile X-ray equipment is used to obtain a lying down chest x-ray (known as a "supine film").
X-ray examination of the chest may show increased heart size (mimicking other possible causes of enlargement). [24] Cardiac MRI - In athlete's heart, there is balanced atrioventricular remodeling, reduced thickening of the heart after detraining, no late gadolinium enhancement, low to normal T1 signal, and normal extracellular volume. [25]
Sometimes, the apex beat may not be palpable, either due to a thick chest wall, or conditions where the stroke volume is reduced; such as during ventricular tachycardia or shock. The character of the apex beat may provide vital diagnostic clues: A forceful impulse indicates volume overload in the heart (as might occur in aortic regurgitation)
The apex beat is assessed for size, amplitude, location, impulse and duration. There are specific terms to describe the sensation such as tapping, heaving and thrusting. Often the apex beat is felt diffusely over a large area, in this case the most inferior and lateral position it can be felt in should be described as well as the location of ...
Chest X-ray: X-ray images help to visualize the condition of the lungs and heart. If the heart is enlarged on an X-ray, other tests will usually be needed to find the cause. A useful measurement on X-ray is the cardio-thoracic ratio, which is the transverse diameter of the heart, compared with that of the thoracic cage. [24]
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