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Cicero's Second Philippic is styled after Demosthenes' On the Crown. The speeches were delivered in the aftermath of the assassination of Julius Caesar, during a power struggle between Caesar's supporters and his assassins. Although Cicero was not involved in the assassination, he agreed with it and felt that Antony should also have been ...
Both Dionysius and Cicero assert that Demosthenes brought together the best features of the basic types of style; he used the middle or normal type style ordinarily and applied the archaic type and the type of plain elegance where they were fitting. In each one of the three types he was better than its special masters. [130]
Demosthenes is regarded as the most effective of the Greek orators, [8] with the Third Philippic being considered the best of Demosthenes' political orations, [9] because of its passionate and evocative style. [10] The opening sequence to the Third Philippic shows Demosthenes to be a virtuoso of the art of oration. [11]
Bust of Demosthenes (Louvre, Paris, France). A philippic (/fɪˈlɪpɪk/) [1] is a fiery, damning speech, or tirade, delivered to condemn a particular political actor.The term is most famously associated with three noted orators of the ancient world: Demosthenes of ancient Athens, Cato the Elder and Cicero of ancient Rome.
Since 357 BC, when Philip seized Amphipolis, after agreeing in part to trade it for Pydna, Athens was formally in a state of war against the King of Macedon.In 352 BC, Demosthenes characterised Philip as the very worst enemy of his city, [4] and a year later he criticized fiercely those dismissing Philip as a person of no account and warned them that he is as dangerous as the King of Persia. [5]
The book was developed in the summer of the year 45 BC, and was written over the course of about one and a half months. Together with the Tusculanae Quaestiones written shortly afterwards and the Academica, De finibus bonorum et malorum is one of the most extensive philosophical works of Cicero. Cicero dedicated the book to Marcus Junius Brutus.
Demosthenes' speeches were incorporated into the body of classical Greek literature that was preserved, catalogued and studied by scholars of the Hellenistic period. From then until the fourth century AD copies of his orations multiplied at a time when Demosthenes was deemed the most important writer in the rhetorical world and every serious ...
Cicero was an advocate of free translation: "The essence of successful oratory, he insists, is that it should 'instruct, delight, and move the minds of his audience', this being achievable in translation only by conserving the 'force and flavour of the passage', not by translating 'word for word'."