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The geographic cycle, or cycle of erosion, is an idealized model that explains the development of relief in landscapes. [1] The model starts with the erosion that follows uplift of land above a base level and ends, if conditions allow, in the formation of a peneplain. [1]
In geology and geomorphology, a hogback or hog's back is a long, narrow ridge or a series of hills with a narrow crest and steep slopes of nearly equal inclination on both flanks. Typically, the term is restricted to a ridge created by the differential erosion of outcropping , steeply dipping (greater than 30–40°), homoclinal , and typically ...
In geology and geomorphology a base level is the lower limit for an erosion process. [1] The modern term was introduced by John Wesley Powell in 1875. [ 1 ] The term was subsequently appropriated by William Morris Davis who used it in his cycle of erosion theory.
In geomorphology a river is said to be rejuvenated when it is eroding the landscape in response to a lowering of its base level. The process is often a result of a sudden fall in sea level or the rise of land. The disturbance enables a rise in the river's gravitational potential energy change per unit distance, increasing its riverbed erosion rate.
His theory proposed geomorphology is based on endogenous and exogenous processes. [18] Penck's theory, while ultimately being ignored, returned to denudation and uplift occurring simultaneously and relying on continental mobility, even though Penck rejected continental drift. The Davisian and Penckian models were heavily debated for a few ...
Abrasion leads to surface-level destruction over a period of time, whereas attrition results in more change at a faster rate. Today, the geomorphology community uses the term "abrasion" in a looser way, often interchangeably with the term "wear". [4]
A series of terraces along a river. The oldest terraces (T1) are higher standing than the younger terraces (T3). The present floodplain (T4) will soon become the youngest terrace surface as the river incises.
A catena is a sequence of soils down a slope, created by the balance of processes such as precipitation, infiltration and runoff.. A catena in soil science is a series of distinct but co-evolving soils arrayed down a slope. [1]