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Common Lisp also supports a hash table data type, and for Scheme they are implemented in SRFI 69. Hash tables have greater overhead than alists, but provide much faster access when there are many elements. A further characteristic is the fact that Common Lisp hash tables do not, as opposed to association lists, maintain the order of entry ...
A concurrent hash table or concurrent hash map is an implementation of hash tables allowing concurrent access by multiple threads using a hash function. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Concurrent hash tables represent a key concurrent data structure for use in concurrent computing which allow multiple threads to more efficiently cooperate for a computation among ...
In a well-dimensioned hash table, the average time complexity for each lookup is independent of the number of elements stored in the table. Many hash table designs also allow arbitrary insertions and deletions of key–value pairs, at amortized constant average cost per operation. [3] [4] [5] Hashing is an example of a space-time tradeoff.
However, hash tables have a much better average-case time complexity than self-balancing binary search trees of O(1), and their worst-case performance is highly unlikely when a good hash function is used. A self-balancing binary search tree can be used to implement the buckets for a hash table that uses separate chaining.
The output is a hash code used to index a hash table holding the data or records, or pointers to them. A hash function may be considered to perform three functions: Convert variable-length keys into fixed-length (usually machine-word -length or less) values, by folding them by words or other units using a parity-preserving operator like ADD or XOR,
Due to their usefulness, they were later included in several other implementations of the C++ Standard Library (e.g., the GNU Compiler Collection's (GCC) libstdc++ [2] and the Visual C++ (MSVC) standard library). The hash_* class templates were proposed into C++ Technical Report 1 (C++ TR1) and were accepted under names unordered_*. [3]
variable division/modulo xxHash [8] 32, 64 or 128 bits product/rotation t1ha (Fast Positive Hash) [9] 64 or 128 bits product/rotation/XOR/add GxHash [10] 32, 64 or 128 bits AES block cipher pHash [11] fixed or variable see Perceptual hashing: dhash [12] 128 bits see Perceptual hashing: SDBM [2] [13] 32 or 64 bits mult/add or shift/add also used ...
Nevertheless, despite only being 3-independent, tabulation hashing provides the same constant-time guarantee for linear probing. [8] Cuckoo hashing, another technique for implementing hash tables, guarantees constant time per lookup (regardless of the hash function). Insertions into a cuckoo hash table may fail, causing the entire table to be ...