Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.
Line bond structure of benzene [5] Electron flow through p orbitals showing the aromatic nature of benzene [5] Benzene, C 6 H 6, is the least complex aromatic hydrocarbon, and it was the first one defined as such. [6] Its bonding nature was first recognized independently by Joseph Loschmidt and August Kekulé in the 19th century. [6]
Two different resonance forms of benzene (top) combine to produce an average structure (bottom). In organic chemistry, aromaticity is a chemical property describing the way in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibits a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone.
The C 2 benzenes are a class of organic aromatic compounds which contain a benzene ring and two other carbon atoms. For the hydrocarbons with no further unsaturation, there are four isomers. There are three xylenes and one ethylbenzene. The substances are:
Hückel's rule can also be applied to molecules containing other atoms such as nitrogen or oxygen. For example, pyridine (C 5 H 5 N) has a ring structure similar to benzene, except that one -CH- group is replaced by a nitrogen atom with no hydrogen. There are still six π electrons and the pyridine molecule is also aromatic and known for its ...
The nitrogen (N)-containing aromatic rings can be separated into basic aromatic rings that are easily protonated, and form aromatic cations and salts (e.g., pyridinium), and non-basic aromatic rings. In the basic aromatic rings , the lone pair of electrons is not part of the aromatic system and extends in the plane of the ring.
Some such structures may contain aromatic π-sextets, namely groups of six π-electrons localized in a benzene-like moiety and separated by adjacent rings through C–C bonds. An aromatic π-sextet can be represented by a circle, as in the case of the anthracene molecule (below). Clar's rule states that for a benzenoid polycyclic aromatic ...
Phenyl groups (like all aromatic compounds) have enhanced stability in comparison to equivalent bonding in aliphatic (non-aromatic) groups. This increased stability is due to the unique properties of aromatic molecular orbitals. [2] The bond lengths between carbon atoms in a phenyl group are approximately 1.4 Å. [6]