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Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours. [1] These tumours are rare, and they appear when cells in the womb start to proliferate uncontrollably. The cells that form gestational trophoblastic tumours are called trophoblasts and come from tissue that grows to form the placenta during pregnancy.
Gestational choriocarcinoma is a form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, which is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), that can occur during pregnancy. It is a rare disease where the trophoblast , a layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst , undergoes abnormal developments, leading to trophoblastic tumors .
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant, trophoblastic [1] cancer, usually of the placenta. It is characterized by early hematogenous spread to the lungs. It belongs to the malignant end of the spectrum in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). It is also classified as a germ cell tumor and may arise in the testis or ovary.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is group of rare diseases related to pregnancy and included in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) in which abnormal trophoblast cells grow in the uterus. [1] GTN can be classified into benign and malignant lesions.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, which refers to pregnancy-related tumors that be either cancerous or non-cancerous. This cause is extremely rare with non-cancerous gestational trophoblastic neoplasia found in 23 to 1,299 cases per 100,000 pregnancies and cancerous forms with a 10-fold lower incidence.
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumors (ETTs) are resistant to chemotherapy, but an immunotherapy drug called dostarlimab treats gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. ETT is a form of GTN. Stage I disease is treated with hysterectomy, while metastatic disease is treated with surgery and chemotherapy. [2]
A placental site trophoblastic tumor is a form of gestational trophoblastic disease, which is thought to arise from the intermediate trophoblast. [1] The tumor may secrete human placental lactogen, [2] and result in a false-positive pregnancy test. [3]
It falls under the category of gestational trophoblastic diseases. [1] During a molar pregnancy, the uterus contains a growing mass characterized by swollen chorionic villi, resembling clusters of grapes. [2] The occurrence of a molar pregnancy can be attributed to the fertilized egg lacking an original maternal nucleus.