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Riau-Lingga Sultanate (Jawi: کسلطانن رياوليڠݢ , romanized: Kesultanan Riau-Lingga), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before being dissolved following Dutch intervention.
The Johor Empire was split into two parts with Sulaiman Badrul Shah giving up the sovereignty of his part to the Dutch. This also marked the end of the original Johor-Riau Sultanate, that descended from the Malacca Sultanate. This division remains today with Pahang and Johor in Malaysia and what was the Riau-Lingga Sultanate in Indonesia.
The Riau-Lingga aristocracy in 1867, with the Sultan seated in the center, was predominantly composed of individuals of Melayu-Bugis descent. The Bugis first became prominently involved in the Johor-Riau-Lingga-Pahang Sultanate during a period of political instability following the "Tragedi Seulas Nangka" in 1699.
Johor Sultanate, the Johor mainland and its dependencies in Pahang; Riau Sultanate, the Riau archipelago and its dependencies in Lingga; In linguistics, Johor–Riau Malay is a form of the Malaysian and Indonesian languages. Both Standard Malay and Standard Indonesian are based on the Johor–Riau dialect of Malay.
The signing of the Treaty further undermined the cohesion of the Johor Empire and contributed to the emergence of Pahang, Johor and Riau-Lingga as independent states. [6] The breakaway Riau-Lingga Sultanate would exist as a Dutch protectorate until 1911, when it was abolished by the Dutch colonial administration.
This name was used as one of the four main sultanates that formed the kingdoms of Riau, Lingga, Johor and Pahang. However, as the consequences of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 between the Netherlands and United Kingdom, the Johor-Pahang sultanates fell under British influence, while the Riau-Lingga sultanates fell under Dutch influence. [17] [18]
Born in Hulu Riau (present-day Tanjungpinang) in 1780, Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah was the son of the 15th Sultan of Johor, Mahmud Shah III with his third wife, Encik Mariam binti Dato' Hassan (died in Lingga, 1831), the daughter of a Bugis nobleman of Sindereng, South Sulawesi.
(In 1857, the Sultan of Lingga, Sultan Mahmud Muzaffar Shah, who was also de jure head of the royal house of Johor, Pahang and Lingga, made a claim to be the rightful ruler of these states and sparked a brief civil war in Pahang.) [27]