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Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or heart-lung machine, also called the pump or CPB pump, is a machine that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during open-heart surgery by maintaining the circulation of blood and oxygen throughout the body. [1] As such it is an extracorporeal device. CPB is operated by a perfusionist. The ...
A MAQUET hollow fiber membrane oxygenator. A membrane oxygenator is a device used to add oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.It can be used in two principal modes: to imitate the function of the lungs in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and to oxygenate blood in longer term life support, termed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
The first uses a cardiopulmonary bypass machine, a machine which takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery by circulating blood and oxygen. With the heart in cardioplegic arrest , harvested arteries and veins are used to connect across problematic regions—a construction known as surgical anastomosis .
For most cardiac operations such as coronary artery bypass grafting, the cardiopulmonary bypass is performed using a heart-lung machine (or cardiopulmonary bypass machine). The heart-lung machine serves to replace the work of the heart during the open bypass surgery. The machine replaces both the heart's pumping action and the lungs' gas ...
Generally, it is used either post-cardiopulmonary bypass or in late-stage treatment of a person with profound heart and/or lung failure, although it is now seeing use as a treatment for cardiac arrest in certain centers, allowing treatment of the underlying cause of arrest while circulation and oxygenation are supported.
It was developed by heart surgeon Dr. Michael DeBakey [4] for blood transfusions [5] while he was a medical student in 1932 and later used by him for cardiopulmonary bypass [6] systems. A specialized nonocclusive roller pump (US Patent 5222880) [7] using soft flat tubing was developed in 1992 for cardiopulmonary bypass systems.
Perfusionists, also called cardiac or cardiopulmonary perfusionists, specialize in operating and recording the output of a cardiopulmonary bypass machine, also known as a heart-lung machine.
The development of cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass techniques has reduced the mortality rates of these surgeries to relatively low ranks. For instance, repairs of congenital heart defects are currently estimated to have 4–6% mortality rates. [19] [20] A major concern with cardiac surgery is the incidence of neurological damage.
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