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Domoic acid (DA) is a kainic acid-type neurotoxin that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). [1] It is produced by algae and accumulates in shellfish , sardines , and anchovies . When sea lions, otters, cetaceans, humans, and other predators eat contaminated animals, poisoning may result.
Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) is an illness caused by consumption of shellfish that contain the marine biotoxin called domoic acid. [1] In mammals , including humans, domoic acid acts as a neurotoxin , causing permanent short-term memory loss , brain damage , and death in severe cases.
The diatom lineage may go back 180 to 250 million years ago (Mya). About 65 Mya, diatoms survived a mass extinction in which roughly 85% of all species perished. [6] Until 1994, the genus was known as Nitzschia, but was changed to Pseudo-nitzschia because of the ability to form chains of overlapping cells, as well as other minor morphological differences. [8]
Unprecedented deaths of sea lions along California's Central Coast
Domoic acid (DA) is a neurotoxin known to cause Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) in humans and other predators that consume contaminated aquatic organisms that have consumed P. australius. [16] DA has been isolated in several species of red algae, but is produced mostly by members of the Pseudo-nitzschia genus. Chemical structure of domoic acid
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As peak beach season and the Fourth of July holiday approach, California officials and experts are warning about an unprecedented die-off of sea lions.
Domoic acid, which acts as a neurotoxin: None known [22] Diarrheal: Diarrhea and possibly nausea, vomiting and cramps. Symptoms usually set in within half an hour and last about a day Okadaic acid, which inhibits intestinal cellular de-phosphorylation. [26] Neurotoxic: Vomiting and nausea and a variety of neurological symptoms such as slurred ...