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The reciprocating motion of a non-offset piston connected to a rotating crank through a connecting rod (as would be found in internal combustion engines) can be expressed by equations of motion. This article shows how these equations of motion can be derived using calculus as functions of angle (angle domain) and of time (time domain).
These equations express the link lengths, L 1, L 2, and L 3, as a function of the stroke,(ΔR 4) max, the imbalance angle, β, and the angle of an arbitrary line M, θ M. Arbitrary line M is a designer-unique line that runs through the crank pivot point and the extreme retracted slider position. The 3 equations are as follows:
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The non-sinusoidal motion of the piston can be described in mathematical equations. Balance shaft system: 1922 design by the Lanchester Motor Company In a car, for example, such an engine with cylinders larger than about 500 cc/30 cuin [ citation needed ] (depending on a variety of factors) requires balance shafts to eliminate undesirable ...
In most types, the linear movement of the piston is converted to a rotating movement via a connecting rod and a crankshaft or by a swashplate or other suitable mechanism. A flywheel is often used to ensure smooth rotation or to store energy to carry the engine through an un-powered part of the cycle. The more cylinders a reciprocating engine ...
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The crankshaft is located within the engine block and held in place via main bearings which allow the crankshaft to rotate within the block. [3] The up-down motion of each piston is transferred to the crankshaft via connecting rods. [4] A flywheel is often attached to one end of the crankshaft, in order to smoothen the power delivery and reduce ...