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Aira Caldera is almost rectangular in shape related to local faulting and was created in a series of large scale of pyroclastic surges that contributed to the Shirasu-Daichi pyroclastic plateau with the last now dated to 29,428 to 30,148 years calibrated before present [7] [1] [2] although earlier work had the date at ~22,000 years ago with ...
A major three phase eruption of the Aira Caldera formed in the first phase the Osumi pumice fall, had a second phase Tsumaya pyroclastic flow and in the third Ito eruption phase produced the widely distributed Aira-Tn tephra that has been dated at 29,428 to 30,148 years calibrated before present.
The resulting caldera is over 20 km (12 mi) across. Tephra fell as far as 1,000 km (620 mi) from the volcano. Sakurajima is a modern active vent of the same Aira caldera volcano. Sakurajima was formed by later activity within the caldera, beginning about 13,000 years ago. [10] It is about 8 km (5 mi) south of the centre of the caldera.
Mount Mazama's eruption timeline, an example of caldera formation. A caldera (/ k ɔː l ˈ d ɛr ə, k æ l-/ [1] kawl-DERR-ə, kal-) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption. An eruption that ejects large volumes of magma over a short period of time can cause significant ...
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Immediately adjacent to the north of the caldera is the Sakurajima volcano in Aira Caldera and further away to the south along what has been termed the Kagoshima Graben [1] is the Kikai Caldera. [8] This alignment was first described by Tadaiti Matumoto in the 1940s. [ 7 ]
[2] [3] In the inner north of the bay the area of the Wakamiko Caldera within the Aira Caldera erupts volcanic gas which when it reaches the surface of the sea is called Tagiri (which means 'to boil' in Japanese). Hydrothermal vents including volcanic chimneys with rare mineral deposition exist on the bay's sea bottom. [4]