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The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis or Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis is a multi-component organic reaction between an aldehyde such as formaldehyde, 2 equivalents of a β-keto ester such as ethyl acetoacetate and a nitrogen donor such as ammonium acetate or ammonia.
Hantzsch studied chemistry in Dresden and graduated at the University of Würzburg under Johannes Wislicenus. As a professor, he taught at the Universities of Zürich, Würzburg und Leipzig. The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis, [1] a multi-component organic reaction, is named after him, as is the Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis and the Hantzsch thiazole ...
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Hantzsch ester refers to an organic compound with the formula HN(MeC=C(CO 2 Et)) 2 CH 2 where Me = methyl (CH 3) and Et = ethyl (C 2 H 5). It is a light yellow solid. The compound is an example of a 1,4-dihydropyridine. It is named after Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch who described its synthesis in 1881.
A classic named reaction for the synthesis of piperidones is the Petrenko-Kritschenko piperidone synthesis which involves combining an alkyl-1,3-acetonedicarboxylate with benzaldehyde and an amine. [1] This multicomponent reaction is related to the Hantzsch pyridine synthesis.
Mechanism for the Hantzsch Pyrrole Synthesis The mechanism starts with the amine ( 1 ) attacking the β carbon of the β-ketoesters ( 2 ), and eventually forming an enamine ( 3 ). The enamine then attacks the carbonyl carbon of the α-haloketone ( 4 ).
True organic redox chemistry can be found in electrochemical organic synthesis or electrosynthesis. Examples of organic reactions that can take place in an electrochemical cell are the Kolbe electrolysis. [3] In disproportionation reactions the reactant is both oxidised and reduced in the same chemical reaction forming two separate compounds.
The Doebner modification of the Knoevenagel condensation entails the use of pyridine as a solvent with at least one of the withdrawing groups on the nucleophile is a carboxylic acid, for example, with malonic acid. Under these conditions the condensation is accompanied by decarboxylation. [4]