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  2. Music appreciation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_appreciation

    Music appreciation is a division of musicology that is designed to teach students how to understand and describe the contexts and creative processes involved in music composition. The concept of music appreciation is often taught as a subset of music theory in higher education and focuses predominantly on Western art music, commonly called ...

  3. Covering system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covering_system

    A covering system is called irredundant (or minimal) if all the residue classes are required to cover the integers. The first two examples are disjoint. The third example is distinct. A system (i.e., an unordered multi-set) of finitely many residue classes is called an -cover if it covers every integer at least times, and an exact -cover if it ...

  4. Modulo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo

    For example, the expression "5 mod 2" evaluates to 1, because 5 divided by 2 has a quotient of 2 and a remainder of 1, while "9 mod 3" would evaluate to 0, because 9 divided by 3 has a quotient of 3 and a remainder of 0. Although typically performed with a and n both being integers, many computing systems now allow other types of numeric operands.

  5. Lesson plan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesson_plan

    A lesson plan is a teacher 's detailed description of the course of instruction or "learning trajectory" for a lesson. A daily lesson plan is developed by a teacher to guide class learning. Details will vary depending on the preference of the teacher, subject being covered, and the needs of the students. There may be requirements mandated by ...

  6. Divisibility rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisibility_rule

    If the hundreds digit is odd, the number obtained by the last two digits must be 4 times an odd number. 352: 52 = 4 x 13. Add the last digit to twice the rest. The result must be divisible by 8. 56: (5 × 2) + 6 = 16. The last three digits are divisible by 8. [2][3] 34,152: Examine divisibility of just 152: 19 × 8.

  7. Cubic reciprocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_reciprocity

    Cubic reciprocity is a collection of theorems in elementary and algebraic number theory that state conditions under which the congruence x 3 ≡ p (mod q) is solvable; the word "reciprocity" comes from the form of the main theorem, which states that if p and q are primary numbers in the ring of Eisenstein integers, both coprime to 3, the congruence x 3 ≡ p (mod q) is solvable if and only if ...

  8. Modular arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic

    Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones ...

  9. Multiplicative order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_order

    The multiplicative order of a number a modulo n is the order of a in the multiplicative group whose elements are the residues modulo n of the numbers coprime to n, and whose group operation is multiplication modulo n. This is the group of units of the ring Zn; it has φ (n) elements, φ being Euler's totient function, and is denoted as U (n) or ...