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From Java Access Modifiers: A Java access modifier specifies which classes can access a given class and its fields, constructors and methods. Access modifiers can be specified separately for a class, its constructors, fields and methods. Java access modifiers are also sometimes referred to in daily speech as Java access specifiers, but the ...
2. Your constructor's access modifier would be package-private (default). As you have declared the class public, it will be visible everywhere, but the constructor will not. Your constructor will be visible only in its package. package flight.booking; public class FlightLog // Public access modifier.
Access level modifiers determine whether other classes can use a particular field or invoke a particular method. There are two levels of access control: At the top level—public, or package-private (no explicit modifier). At the member level—public, private, protected, or package-private (no explicit modifier).
A method in an interface it is by default abstract to force the implementing class to provide an implementation and is public by default so the implementing class has access to do so. Adding those modifiers in your code is redundant and useless and can only lead to the conclusion that you lack knowledge and/or understanding of Java fundamentals.
The customary usage order of the modifiers is mentioned in the Java Language Specification (and not the Java Virtual Machine Specification) e.g. for class modifiers you will find the following definition (extract):
Default: Never accessible outside the package. Protected: Only accessible outside the package, if and only if the class is a subclass. Edit: As your question's answer is also the same that You can access the protected member by make your class a sub class of the class , in which protected member is defined. edited May 3, 2021 at 10:44.
48. "access modifier" is the official term for private, protected and public used in the Java language specification. "access specifier" is used synonymously in the Java API doc, but this is the first time I've noticed that. It's probably better to stick with the JLS term. +1 for proving with the JLS.
For classes, the answer is given by JLS §6.6.1: A class member or constructor declared without an access modifier implicitly has package access. For enums, the answer is given by JLS §8.9.2: In an enum declaration, a constructor declaration with no access modifiers is private. (Enum constructors are always private to prevent other classes ...
Like this: Yes, there is a standard ordering. If you use an IDE, you can set it up to format your code for you, i.e. in Eclipse in Preferences -> Java -> Editor -> Save Actions you can check the box "Format source code". Then you don't have to worry about it any more.
And then change the package-private access modifier to public, final class Bar extends Foo { @Override public void start () {...} I'm just asking this question out of curiosity. Java doesn't let you make the access modifier more restrictive, because that would violate the rule that a subclass instance should be useable in place of a superclass ...