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In 2020, it was the 197th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. [12] [13] It appears to be underused in older people, [14] though the reason for that is unclear.
Mood stabilizer. A bottle of lithium capsules. Lithium is the prototypical mood stabilizer. A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, such as bipolar disorder and the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder.
Valproate has become a commonly prescribed treatment and effectively treats manic episodes. [143] Carbamazepine is less effective in preventing relapse than lithium or valproate. [144] [145] Lamotrigine has some efficacy in treating depression, and this benefit is greatest in more severe depression. [146]
Lamotrigine, sold under the brand name Lamictal among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and stabilize mood in bipolar disorder. [5] [8] For epilepsy, this includes focal seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. [8]
Olanzapine. Olanzapine, sold under the brand name Zyprexa among others, is an atypical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. [10] It is also sometimes used off-label for treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting [11] and as an appetite stimulant. [12]
Risperidone. Risperidone, sold under the brand name Risperdal among others, is an atypical antipsychotic [2] used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, [2] as well as irritability associated with autism. [9] It is taken either by mouth or by injection (i.e., subcutaneous or intramuscular). [2]
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