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Joseph Clois Shivers Jr. (November 29, 1920 – September 1, 2014) was an American textile chemist who was based in West Chester, Pennsylvania, best known for his role in the structural development of Spandex, a thermoplastic elastomer, in the 1950s, while employed at DuPont. [1] Shivers was born in 1920 in Marlton, New Jersey.
Spandex, Lycra, or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. It is a polyether - polyurea copolymer that was invented in 1958 by chemist Joseph Shivers at DuPont . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Invented in Utica, New York and patented in 1868, this was a one-piece front-buttoning garment usually made of knitted material with sleeves extending to the wrists and legs down to the ankles. It had a buttoned flap (known colloquially as the "access hatch", "drop seat", or "fireman's flap") in the back to ease visits to the toilet.
The history of Pennsylvania stems back thousands of years when the first indigenous peoples occupied the area of what is now Pennsylvania. In 1681, Pennsylvania became an English colony when William Penn received a royal deed from King Charles II of England.
It soon made its debut in the United States as a replacement for silk, ... Spandex (1959) Vinalon (1939) Aramids (1961) - known as Nomex, Kevlar and Twaron; Modal (1960s)
1928 – International Bureau of Standardization of Man Made Fibers founded. [24] 1939 – US passes Wool Products Labeling Act, requiring truthful labeling of wool products according to origin. [25] 1940 – Spectrophotometer invented, with impact on commercial textile dye processes. 1942 – First patent for fabric singeing awarded in US. [26]
Acrylic yarn dyed with basic dyes. Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from a polymer (polyacrylonitrile) with an average molecular weight of ~100,000, about 1900 monomer units. For a fiber to be called "acrylic" in the US, the polymer must contain at least 85% acrylonitrile monomer. Typical comonomers are vinyl acetate or methyl acrylate.
Spandex (trade name Lycra) is a polyurethane product that can be made tight-fitting without impeding movement. It is used to make activewear , bras , and swimsuits . Olefin fibre is a fibre used in activewear, linings, and warm clothing.