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In aqueous solutions, redox potential is a measure of the tendency of the solution to either gain or lose electrons in a reaction. A solution with a higher (more positive) reduction potential than some other molecule will have a tendency to gain electrons from this molecule (i.e. to be reduced by oxidizing this other molecule) and a solution with a lower (more negative) reduction potential ...
Reduction is a process in which a substance gains electrons. The processes of oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously and cannot occur independently. [5] In redox processes, the reductant transfers electrons to the oxidant. Thus, in the reaction, the reductant or reducing agent loses electrons and is oxidized, and the oxidant or oxidizing ...
The lower graph shows the logarithmic plot for different values of α (Tafel plot). The Butler–Volmer equation is: or in a more compact form: where: : electrode current density, A/m 2 (defined as j = I/S) : exchange current density, A/m 2. : electrode potential, V. : equilibrium potential, V.
Equilibrium chemistry is concerned with systems in chemical equilibrium. The unifying principle is that the free energy of a system at equilibrium is the minimum possible, so that the slope of the free energy with respect to the reaction coordinate is zero. [ 1 ][ 2 ] This principle, applied to mixtures at equilibrium provides a definition of ...
Electrochemistry. English chemist John Daniell (left) and physicist Michael Faraday (right), both credited as founders of electrochemistry. Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an ...
A redox gradient is a series of reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions sorted according to redox potential. [ 4 ][ 5 ] The redox ladder displays the order in which redox reactions occur based on the free energy gained from redox pairs. [ 4 ][ 5 ][ 6 ] These redox gradients form both spatially and temporally as a result of differences in ...
In electrochemistry, overpotential is the potential difference (voltage) between a half-reaction 's thermodynamically determined reduction potential and the potential at which the redox event is experimentally observed. [ 1 ] The term is directly related to a cell's voltage efficiency. In an electrolytic cell the existence of overpotential ...
Redox titration. A redox titration [1] is a type of titration based on a redox reaction between the analyte and titrant. It may involve the use of a redox indicator and/or a potentiometer. A common example of a redox titration is the treatment of a solution of iodine with a reducing agent to produce iodide using a starch indicator to help ...