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The self-concept is distinguishable from self-awareness, which is the extent to which self-knowledge is defined, consistent, and currently applicable to one's attitudes and dispositions. [4] Self-concept also differs from self-esteem: self-concept is a cognitive or descriptive component of one's self (e.g. "I am a fast runner"), while self ...
Self-esteem is confidence in one's own worth, abilities, or morals. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself (for example, "I am loved", "I am worthy") as well as emotional states, such as triumph, despair, pride, and shame. [ 1 ] Smith and Mackie define it by saying "The self-concept is what we think about the self; self-esteem, is the ...
In psychology, self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals. [ 1 ] The concept was originally proposed by the psychologist Albert Bandura in 1977. Self-efficacy affects every area of human endeavor. By determining the beliefs a person holds regarding their power to affect ...
Alexander Lowen identified narcissists as having a true and a false, or superficial, self. The false self rests on the surface, as the self presented to the world. It stands in contrast to the true self, which resides behind the facade or image. This true self is the feeling self, but for the narcissist the feeling self must be hidden and denied.
Identity formation. Identity formation, also called identity development or identity construction, is a complex process in which humans develop a clear and unique view of themselves and of their identity. Self-concept, personality development, and values are all closely related to identity formation. Individuation is also a critical part of ...
Further information: Identification with the Aggressor. Related to the inferiority complex is a " superiority complex ", a psychological defense mechanism in which a person's outward display of superiority displaces or conceals their feelings of inferiority. Differentiated by Adler from a normal desire for social recognition, the superiority ...
Self-enhancement is a type of motivation that works to make people feel good about themselves and to maintain self-esteem. [ 1 ] This motive becomes especially prominent in situations of threat, failure or blows to one's self-esteem. [ 2 ][ 3 ][ 4 ] Self-enhancement involves a preference for positive over negative self-views. [ 5 ]
Loevinger describes the ego as a process, rather than a thing; [6] it is the frame of reference (or lens) one uses to construct and interpret one's world. [6] This contains impulse control and character development with interpersonal relations and cognitive preoccupations, including self-concept. [7]