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A research design typically outlines the theories and models underlying a project; the research question (s) of a project; a strategy for gathering data and information; and a strategy for producing answers from the data. [1] A strong research design yields valid answers to research questions while weak designs yield unreliable, imprecise or ...
Quantitative research is a research strategy that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data. [1] It is formed from a deductive approach where emphasis is placed on the testing of theory, shaped by empiricist and positivist philosophies. [1]
Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. [ 1 ] Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, and is used in different business ...
Edward Tufte. Edward Rolf Tufte (/ ˈtʌfti /; [ 2 ] born March 14, 1942), [ 1 ] sometimes known as " ET ", [ 3 ] is an American statistician and professor emeritus of political science, statistics, and computer science at Yale University. [ 4 ] He is noted for his writings on information design and as a pioneer in the field of data visualization.
Critical data studies. Critical data studies is the exploration of and engagement with social, cultural, and ethical challenges that arise when working with big data. It is through various unique perspectives and taking a critical approach that this form of study can be practiced. [1] As its name implies, critical data studies draws heavily on ...
Content analysis. Content analysis is the study of documents and communication artifacts, which might be texts of various formats, pictures, audio or video. Social scientists use content analysis to examine patterns in communication in a replicable and systematic manner. [ 1 ] One of the key advantages of using content analysis to analyse ...
The quantitative research designs are experimental, correlational, and survey (or descriptive). [41] Statistics derived from quantitative research can be used to establish the existence of associative or causal relationships between variables. Quantitative research is linked with the philosophical and theoretical stance of positivism.
Statistics (from German: Statistik, orig. "description of a state, a country" [1]) is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. [2] In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical ...